Pronoun Paradigms: Sãotomense

Paradigm Details:

Family:

System Type: F

Source: Ferraz (1979).

Comment: The free first person singular A, S pronoun ‘aˈmi’ listed below most commonly occurs before non-verbal elements; the use of this form before verbs is considered archaic (Ferraz 1979:63-4). Most commonly, before verbs a bound morpheme ‘N-’, a nasal homorganic with the initial consonant of the verb, (or one of the elements in free variation with this morpheme) is used (Ferraz 1979:63-4). Similarly, the third person singular A, S pronoun ‘e’ listed below only occurs before verbs with the form ‘eˈle’ used before all other categories of word, while the first person singular O pronoun ‘mũ’ only occurs before verbs with the form ‘ˈami’ used before all other categories (Ferraz 1979:64).

Pronoun Paradigm:

	A	S	O	Poss.
1st (excl) Person Singular	aˈmi	aˈmi	mũ	mũ
1st (excl) Person Dual	nõ	nõ	nõ	nõ
1st (excl) Person Plural	nõ	nõ	nõ	nõ
1st (incl) Person Dual	nõ	nõ	nõ	nõ
1st (incl) Person Plural	nõ	nõ	nõ	nõ
2nd Person Singular	bo	bo	bo	bo
2nd Person Dual	iˈnãse	iˈnãse	ˈnãse	ˈnãse
2nd Person Plural	iˈnãse	iˈnãse	ˈnãse	ˈnãse
3rd Person Singular Gender 1	e	e	-e	-e
3rd Person Singular Gender 2	e	e	-e	-e
3rd Person Dual	iˈnẽ	iˈnẽ	iˈnẽ	iˈnẽ
3rd Person Plural	iˈnẽ	iˈnẽ	iˈnẽ	iˈnẽ

Pronoun Paradigm: Sãotomense

Paradigm Details:

Pronoun Paradigm: