Pronoun Paradigm: Tswana
Paradigm Details:
Family:
System Type: F
Source: Cole (1955).
Comment: The language possesses distinct third person pronouns for each of its nine noun classes (Cole 1955:128). The third person forms listed below are associated with class one referents. See Cole (1955:128) for the full list of third person pronouns. Additionally, possessive pronouns are complex elements formed by the combination of a bound pronominal base and a prefixal 'concord' that cross-references the possessum (Cole 1955:159-62). Only the pronominal bases are listed below, see Cole (1955:159-60) for a full list of the possessive concords. Finally, Cole (1955:162) lists 'communal' plural possessive bases in the first, second, and third person (class one) which are not listed below.
Pronoun Paradigm:
| A | S | O | Poss. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (excl) Person Singular | nnɑ | nnɑ | nnɑ | -mɪ - |
| 1st (excl) Person Dual | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | -rʊnɑ |
| 1st (excl) Person Plural | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | -rʊnɑ |
| 1st (incl) Person Dual | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | -rʊnɑ |
| 1st (incl) Person Plural | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | rʊnɑ - | -rʊnɑ |
| 2nd Person Singular | wenɑ | wenɑ | wenɑ | -gɑgʊ |
| 2nd Person Dual | lonɑ - | lonɑ - | lonɑ - | -lʊnɑ |
| 2nd Person Plural | lonɑ - | lonɑ - | lonɑ - | -lʊnɑ |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | ene - | ene - | ene - | -gɑgwe |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | ene - | ene - | ene - | -gɑgwe |
| 3rd Person Dual | bone | bone | bone | -bone |
| 3rd Person Plural | bone | bone | bone | -bone |