Paradigm Details:

Language: (kqn) Kaonde.

Family:

System Type: F

Source: Wright (2008).

Comment: Every noun in the language belongs to one of 18 noun classes. Class membership is (typically) determined by the attachment of a prefix to an invariant stem that carries the lexical meaning of the noun. Third person pronominal reference is achieved through the attachment of a prefix to the verbal complex that signals the noun class of the referent as well as the referent's grammatical function in the sentence (Wright 2008:9-10). The third person singular forms listed below are drawn from the class 1 prefix set while the third person plural forms are drawn from the plural associate of class 1, class 2. This is the case as class 1 and 2 contain words such as 'person/people' and other terms for human and animate entities (Wright 2008:9-10).

Pronoun Paradigm:

  A S O Poss.
1st (excl) Person Singular amiwa amiwa amiwa -ami
1st (excl) Person Dual atweba atweba atweba -itu
1st (excl) Person Plural atweba atweba atweba -itu
1st (incl) Person Dual atweba atweba atweba -itu
1st (incl) Person Plural atweba atweba atweba -itu
2nd Person Singular obewa obewa obewa -obe
2nd Person Dual anweba anweba anweba -inu
2nd Person Plural anweba anweba anweba -inu
3rd Person Singular Gender 1 u- - u- - mu- nji-
3rd Person Singular Gender 2 u- - u- - mu- nji-
3rd Person Dual ba- ba- iba- bo-
3rd Person Plural ba- ba- iba- bo-