Pronoun Paradigm: Kaonde
Paradigm Details:
Family:
System Type: F
Source: Wright (2008).
Comment: Every noun in the language belongs to one of 18 noun classes. Class membership is (typically) determined by the attachment of a prefix to an invariant stem that carries the lexical meaning of the noun. Third person pronominal reference is achieved through the attachment of a prefix to the verbal complex that signals the noun class of the referent as well as the referent's grammatical function in the sentence (Wright 2008:9-10). The third person singular forms listed below are drawn from the class 1 prefix set while the third person plural forms are drawn from the plural associate of class 1, class 2. This is the case as class 1 and 2 contain words such as 'person/people' and other terms for human and animate entities (Wright 2008:9-10).
Pronoun Paradigm:
| A | S | O | Poss. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (excl) Person Singular | amiwa | amiwa | amiwa | -ami |
| 1st (excl) Person Dual | atweba | atweba | atweba | -itu |
| 1st (excl) Person Plural | atweba | atweba | atweba | -itu |
| 1st (incl) Person Dual | atweba | atweba | atweba | -itu |
| 1st (incl) Person Plural | atweba | atweba | atweba | -itu |
| 2nd Person Singular | obewa | obewa | obewa | -obe |
| 2nd Person Dual | anweba | anweba | anweba | -inu |
| 2nd Person Plural | anweba | anweba | anweba | -inu |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | u- - | u- - | mu- | nji- |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | u- - | u- - | mu- | nji- |
| 3rd Person Dual | ba- | ba- | iba- | bo- |
| 3rd Person Plural | ba- | ba- | iba- | bo- |