Pronoun Paradigm: Hixkaryána
Paradigm Details:
Language: (hix) Hixkaryána.
Family:
System Type: F
Source: Derbyshire (1979).
Comment: There is no regular number marking system on nouns or pronouns in the language (Derbyshire 1979:126). There is, however, a collective/non-collective distinction with the collective used where the 'focus is on a group' (Derbyshire 1979:126). These collective forms are listed below in the plural and dual entries of the paradigm while non-collective forms are listed in the singular entries. Additionally, Derbyshire (1979:96-7) describes a significant number of allopmorphic variants of the possessive pronouns listed below while also noting that nominal suffixes (not listed below) which mark possessedness and number also distinguish between present and past possession (Derbyshire 1979:98-100). Finally, each of the animate third person A, S, and O pronouns have distinct non-deictic, near-deictic, medial-deictic, and remote-deictic forms (Derbyshire 1979:127). Pronouns used to refer to inanimates do not have distinct deictic and non-deictic forms (Derbyshire 1979:127). The animate non-deictic variants are listed below.
Pronoun Paradigm:
| A | S | O | Poss. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (excl) Person Singular | uro | uro | uro | ro- |
| 1st (excl) Person Dual | amna | amna | amna | y- |
| 1st (excl) Person Plural | amna | amna | amna | y- |
| 1st (incl) Person Dual | kɨwyamo | kɨwyamo | kɨwyamo | kɨ- |
| 1st (incl) Person Plural | kɨwyamo | kɨwyamo | kɨwyamo | kɨ- |
| 2nd Person Singular | omoro | omoro | omoro | o- |
| 2nd Person Dual | omnyamo | omnyamo | omnyamo | o- |
| 2nd Person Plural | omnyamo | omnyamo | omnyamo | o- |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | noro | noro | noro | ɨ- |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | noro | noro | noro | ɨ- |
| 3rd Person Dual | nyamoro | nyamoro | nyamoro | ɨ- |
| 3rd Person Plural | nyamoro | nyamoro | nyamoro | ɨ- |