Family:
System Type: None
Source: Baird (2008).
Comment: "Klon has an agentive system, whereby Actor S arguments pattern the same way as A arguments, and Undergoer S arguments pattern the same way as O arguments. There is a small set of verbs that may take either SA or SO arguments dependent on the perceived semantic role of a referent in a particular context" (Baird 2008: 66). Actor arguments are expressed through free pronouns, Undergoer arguments are expressed through bound pronouns. The choice between the four bound pronominal sets was historically semantic, but has been lexicalised. For this reason all four paradigms are included here.
A | S | O | Poss. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st (excl) Person Singular | nan | nan , n-, no-, nin=, ne- | n-, no-, nin=, ne- | ne |
1st (excl) Person Dual | nəgəle | nəgəle, , nəgəle nəg-, nəgəle nəgo-, nəgəle nəgin=, nəgəle nəge- | nəgəle nəg-, nəgəle nəgo-, nəgəle nəgin=, nəgəle nəge- | nəgəle nəge |
1st (excl) Person Plural | nəgi | nəgi , nəg-, nəgo-, nəgin=, nəge- | nəg-, nəgo-, nəgin=, nəge- | nəge |
1st (incl) Person Dual | pəle | pəle , pəle t-, pəle to-, pəle tin=, pəle te- | pəle t-, pəle to-, pəle tin=, pəle te- | pəle pe |
1st (incl) Person Plural | pin | pin , t-, to-, tin=, te- | t-, to-, tin=, te- | pe |
2nd Person Singular | aan | aan , V- / 0-, o-, in=, e- - | V- / 0-, o-, in=, e- - | e |
2nd Person Dual | egəle | egəle Vg-, egəle ogo-, egəle igin=, egəle ege- , igi | egəle Vg-, egəle ogo-, egəle igin=, egəle ege- | egəle ege |
2nd Person Plural | igi | igi , Vg-, ogo-, igin=, ege- | Vg-, ogo-, igin=, ege- | ege |
3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | ini | g-, go-, gin=, ge- , ini | g-, go-, gin=, ge- | ge |
3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | ini | g-, go-, gin=, ge- , ini | g-, go-, gin=, ge- | ge |
3rd Person Dual | gəle, ele | ele g-, ele go-, ele gin=, ele ge- , gəle, ele | ele g-, ele go-, ele gin=, ele ge- | ele ge |
3rd Person Plural | ini | ini , ini g-, ini go-, ini gin=, ini ge- | ini g-, ini go-, ini gin=, ini ge- | ini ge |