Pronoun Paradigm: Welsh-ICR-NE
Paradigm Details:
Language: (None) Welsh-ICR-NE.
Family:
System Type: None
Source: King (2003).
Comment: General comment wrt possessive series: in addition to an element preceding the possessed noun (e.f. fy '1sg POSS', dy '2sg POSS', the basic form of the pronoun may optionally follow, in addition. Cf plant 'children', dy blant 'your (intim.) children' but also dy blant di. There are a number of variants of most pronouns. Here I have entered the commonest variant, favouring the unreduced form where there is a choice, e.g. fy instead of 'y for the 1sg Poss. There are also dialectal variants, e.g. e vs o for the 3sg masc. I have chosen just one of these to enter, namely the e series. Forms are given in standard Welsh orthography; non-standard values are: <f> = /v/, <ff> = /f/, <ch> = /x/, <ng> = /ŋ/, <y> = /ɨ/, <w> = /u/, <dd>= /ð/, <ll >= /ɬ/. TIme taken to enter: 45 minutes (split between reading grammar and systematising notes out of it, then entering data. Some forms trigger a following 'soft mutation' – basically changing voiceless stops to voiced stops, voiced stops to voiced fricatives , and /m/ to /v/ <f>. Since the presence vs absence of a soft-mutation trigger can distinguish forms in the paradigm (e.g. 3sg masc poss vs 3sg fem poss), it is shown here by a º after the form.
Pronoun Paradigm:
| A | S | O | Poss. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (excl) Person Singular | i , i | i , i | fi , fi | fy , fy |
| 1st (excl) Person Dual | ni , ni | ni , ni | ni , ni | ein , ein |
| 1st (excl) Person Plural | ni , ni | ni , ni | ni , ni | ein , ein |
| 1st (incl) Person Dual | ni , ni | ni , ni | ni , ni | ein , ein |
| 1st (incl) Person Plural | ni , ni | ni , ni | ni , ni | ein , ein |
| 2nd Person Singular | ti , ti | ti , ti | ti , ti | dyº , dyº |
| 2nd Person Dual | chi , chi | chi , chi | chi , chi | eich , eich |
| 2nd Person Plural | chi , chi | chi , chi | chi , chi | eich , eich |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | e , e | e , e | fe , fe | eiº , eiº |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | hi , hi | hi , hi | hi , hi | ei , ei |
| 3rd Person Dual | nhw , nhw | nhw , nhw | nhw , nhw | eu , eu |
| 3rd Person Plural | nhw , nhw | nhw , nhw | nhw , nhw | eu , eu |