Pronoun Paradigm: Hausa
Paradigm Details:
Family:
System Type: F
Source: Newman (2000).
Comment: The forms below are given in the system of transcription adopted by Newman (2000). Also note that true independent S and A pronouns do not occur in the language. Instead, a set of complex elements each consisting of a person and tense/aspect marker exists (Newman 2000:485-6). Newman (2000:485-6) refers to the person markers as ‘weak subject pronouns’ and notes that these elements occur in two paradigms; the light and the heavy paradigms. The members of the light paradigm have been listed here as the representatives of the S and A forms in the language as they occur in a wider variety of contexts than the members of the heavy paradigm (Newman 2000:485-6). Finally, two possessive pronoun paradigms exist; one which is used with a masculine or plural possessum and another used exclusively with singular, feminine possessed nouns ending in '-a(a)' (Newman 2000:482). The paradigm used with masculine and plural possessed nouns is listed here.
Pronoun Paradigm:
| A | S | O | Poss. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (excl) Person Singular | ni - | ni - | ni | -nā |
| 1st (excl) Person Dual | mu | mu | mu | -nmù |
| 1st (excl) Person Plural | mu | mu | mu | -nmù |
| 1st (incl) Person Dual | mu | mu | mu | -nmù |
| 1st (incl) Person Plural | mu | mu | mu | -nmù |
| 2nd Person Singular | ka - | ka - | ka - | -nkà - |
| 2nd Person Dual | ku | ku | ku | -nkù |
| 2nd Person Plural | ku | ku | ku | -nkù |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | ya | ya | shi | -nsà - |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | ta | ta | ta | -ntà - |
| 3rd Person Dual | su | su | su | -nsù |
| 3rd Person Plural | su | su | su | -nsù |