Family:
System Type: None
Source: Berghäll (2010).
Comment: Mauwake uses possessive prefixes for kinship terms. These prefixes are only differentiated for person, not for number. Free possessive pronouns are used for alienable possession. "It is possible to have either an unmarked or genitive pronoun as an additional possessive marker before an inalienably possessed noun (...), if it is used as a term of reference rather than term of address." (Berghäll 2010: 58). "In principle all the personal pronouns in Mauwake are used for humans only. In legends also spirits can be referred to by these pronouns since they sometimes act like humans and can take human form. There is no third person singular pronoun for non-humans." (ibid.: 82). "Since possession can be expressed by means of three different kinds of personal pronouns in Mauwake, I call the function possessive and the different grammatical forms genitive, dative and unmarked pronoun." (ibid.: 90). The forms with -na are the `genitive' forms; the forms that follow, in the possessive paradigms, are the unmarked and the dative pronouns respectively.
A | S | O | Poss. | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st (excl) Person Singular | yo | yo | efa | efar , y- , yena , yo |
1st (excl) Person Dual | (y)i | (y)i | yia | y- , (y)i , yiar , yiena |
1st (excl) Person Plural | (y)i | (y)i | yia | y- , (y)i , yiar , yiena |
1st (incl) Person Dual | (y)i | (y)i | yia | y- , (y)i , yiar , yiena |
1st (incl) Person Plural | (y)i | (y)i | yia | y- , (y)i , yiar , yiena |
2nd Person Singular | no | no | nefa | n- , nefar , nena , no |
2nd Person Dual | ni | ni | nia | n- , ni , niar , niena |
2nd Person Plural | ni | ni | nia | n- , ni , niar , niena |
3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | (w)o | (w)o | ∅ | ona , w- , wiar , (w)o |
3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | (w)o | (w)o | ∅ | (w)o, ona, w-, wiar |
3rd Person Dual | wi | wi | wia | w- , wi , wiar , wiena |
3rd Person Plural | w | wi | wia | w- , wi , wiar , wiena |