Pronoun Paradigm: Adang
Paradigm Details:
Family:
System Type: None
Source: Haan (2001).
Comment: The pronominal prefixes mark inalienable possession (Haan 2001: 38) and the objects of some verbs. Other verbs use the accusative free pronouns (with -ri) for their objects (ibid.: 46). As for the free pronouns that mark (alienable) possession, "[s]emantically, both types of genitive pronouns express possession. The difference, however, is that a genitive pronoun marked e, while expressing possession, also expresses emphasis or contrast. I shall call it a ‘contrastive’ genitive pronoun. A genitive pronoun marked ɔ does not express emphasis or contrast. Therefore I call it a ‘non-contrastive’ genitive pronoun." (ibid.: 163).
Pronoun Paradigm:
| A | S | O | Poss. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (excl) Person Singular | na | na | na- , nari | na- , ne , nɔ |
| 1st (excl) Person Dual | ni | ni | iri , ni- | ni , ni- , ni(e) |
| 1st (excl) Person Plural | ni | ni | iri , ni- | ni , ni- , ni(e) |
| 1st (incl) Person Dual | pi | pi | pi- , piri , tari | pi , pi- , pi(e) , te , tɔ |
| 1st (incl) Person Plural | pi | pi | pi- , piri , tari | pi , pi- , pi(e) , te , tɔ |
| 2nd Person Singular | a | a | a- , ari | a- , e , ɔ |
| 2nd Person Dual | i | i | i- , iri | i , i- , i(e) |
| 2nd Person Plural | i | i | i- , iri | i , i- , i(e) |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | sa | sa | ʔa- , ʔari , sa- , sari | ʔa- , ʔe , ʔɔ , sa- , se , sɔ |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | sa | sa | ʔa- , ʔari , sa- , sari | ʔa- , ʔe , ʔɔ , sa- , se , sɔ |
| 3rd Person Dual | supi | supi | ʔa- , sa- , sari , supi (aʔri) | ʔa- , sa- , se , sɔ , supi ʔe , supi ʔɔ |
| 3rd Person Plural | supi | supi | ʔa- , sa- , sari , supi (aʔri) | ʔa- , sa- , se , sɔ , supi ʔe , supi ʔɔ |