Paradigm Details:

Language: (adn) Adang.

Family:

System Type: None

Source: Haan (2001).

Comment: The pronominal prefixes mark inalienable possession (Haan 2001: 38) and the objects of some verbs. Other verbs use the accusative free pronouns (with -ri) for their objects (ibid.: 46). As for the free pronouns that mark (alienable) possession, "[s]emantically, both types of genitive pronouns express possession. The difference, however, is that a genitive pronoun marked e, while expressing possession, also expresses emphasis or contrast. I shall call it a ‘contrastive’ genitive pronoun. A genitive pronoun marked ɔ does not express emphasis or contrast. Therefore I call it a ‘non-contrastive’ genitive pronoun." (ibid.: 163).

Pronoun Paradigm:

  A S O Poss.
1st (excl) Person Singular na na na- , nari na- , ne , nɔ
1st (excl) Person Dual ni ni iri , ni- ni , ni- , ni(e)
1st (excl) Person Plural ni ni iri , ni- ni , ni- , ni(e)
1st (incl) Person Dual pi pi pi- , piri , tari pi , pi- , pi(e) , te , tɔ
1st (incl) Person Plural pi pi pi- , piri , tari pi , pi- , pi(e) , te , tɔ
2nd Person Singular a a a- , ari a- , e , ɔ
2nd Person Dual i i i- , iri i , i- , i(e)
2nd Person Plural i i i- , iri i , i- , i(e)
3rd Person Singular Gender 1 sa sa ʔa- , ʔari , sa- , sari ʔa- , ʔe , ʔɔ , sa- , se , sɔ
3rd Person Singular Gender 2 sa sa ʔa- , ʔari , sa- , sari ʔa- , ʔe , ʔɔ , sa- , se , sɔ
3rd Person Dual supi supi ʔa- , sa- , sari , supi (aʔri) ʔa- , sa- , se , sɔ , supi ʔe , supi ʔɔ
3rd Person Plural supi supi ʔa- , sa- , sari , supi (aʔri) ʔa- , sa- , se , sɔ , supi ʔe , supi ʔɔ