Pronoun Paradigm: Martuthunira
Paradigm Details:
Language: (vma) Martuthunira.
Family:
System Type: F
Source: Dench (1995).
Comment: "The third person plural pronoun has the very restricted function of serving as a definite anaphor for plural noun phrases. It refers to a group of entities already established in text and specifically implies that the membership of that group has not changed. This emphasis on no change in group membership is unimportant for anaphoric reference to noun phrases denoting individuals (singular) or pairs of individuals (duals) and it is thus not surprising that pularna has no singular or dual counterparts." p103 Demonstratives are used for 3sg reference.
Pronoun Paradigm:
| A | S | O | Poss. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st (excl) Person Singular | ngayu | ngayu | nganaju | nganaju |
| 1st (excl) Person Dual | ngaliya | ngaliya | ngaliyaa | ngaliyawu |
| 1st (excl) Person Plural | nganarna | nganarna | nganarnaa | nganarnawu |
| 1st (incl) Person Dual | ngali | ngali | ngalii | ngaliwu |
| 1st (incl) Person Plural | ngaliwa | ngaliwa | ngaliwaa | ngaliwawu |
| 2nd Person Singular | kartu | kartu | kartungu | kartungu |
| 2nd Person Dual | nhuwala | nhuwala | nhuwalaa | nhuwalawu |
| 2nd Person Plural | nhuwana | nhuwana | nhuwanaa | nhuwanawu |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 1 | nhiyu - | nhiyu - | yirna - | yirnawu - |
| 3rd Person Singular Gender 2 | ngunhu - | ngunhu - | ngurnu - | ngurnuwu - |
| 3rd Person Dual | pularna | pularna | pularna | pularnawu |
| 3rd Person Plural | pularna | pularna | pularna | pularnawu |